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Chapter 1第一章

Limits & Continuity极限与连续

AP-Style Practice QuestionsAP 风格练习题

EASY MEDIUM HARD

Topics 1.1 - 1.16专题 1.1 至 1.16AB



Name:姓名:Period:课节:
PART ITopics 1.1 - 1.16专题 1.1 至 1.16

Multiple Choice Questions选择题

Show all supporting work on scratch paper. On the AP Exam, Section I is split into a no-calculator and a calculator-allowed part, each question below is labeled accordingly.请将所有辅助解题过程写在草稿纸上。AP 考试第一部分分为禁用计算器和允许使用计算器两节,下方每道题均已注明。

Q1EASY 1.3 Estimating from Tables1.3 表格估算极限No Calculator

The table gives values of $f(x)$ near $x=2$.下表给出了 $f(x)$ 在 $x=2$ 附近的值。

$x$1.91.991.9992.0012.012.1
$f(x)$4.614.96014.9965.0045.04015.41

Based on the table, $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2}f(x)$ is best estimated by根据表格,$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2}f(x)$ 最佳估计值为

Q2EASY 1.5 Algebraic Manipulation1.5 代数化简No Calculator

$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 3}\dfrac{x^2-9}{x-3}=$

Q3EASY 1.6 Rationalizing1.6 有理化No Calculator

$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 4}\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{x-4}=$

Q4MEDIUM 1.8 Special Trig Limits1.8 特殊三角极限No Calculator

$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}\dfrac{\sin(5x)}{3x}=$

Q5MEDIUM 1.8 Trig Limits1.8 三角极限No Calculator

$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}\dfrac{1-\cos x}{x^{2}}=$

Q6MEDIUM 1.7 Squeeze Theorem1.7 夹逼定理No Calculator

If $4-x^{2}\le g(x)\le 4+x^{2}$ for all $x$, then $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}g(x)=$若对所有 $x$ 均有 $4-x^{2}\le g(x)\le 4+x^{2}$,则 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}g(x)=$

Q7EASY 1.2 One-Sided from Graph1.2 由图像求单侧极限No Calculator

The graph of $f$ is shown. Which statement is true?$f$ 的图像如下所示,下列哪个说法正确?

1 2 3 4 1 2 3
Q8MEDIUM 1.9 Continuity1.9 连续性No Calculator

Let $f(x)=\begin{cases}\dfrac{x^{2}-4}{x-2}, & x\ne 2\\[4pt]k, & x=2\end{cases}$. For what value of $k$ is $f$ continuous at $x=2$?设 $f(x)=\begin{cases}\dfrac{x^{2}-4}{x-2}, & x\ne 2\\[4pt]k, & x=2\end{cases}$,$k$ 取何值时 $f$ 在 $x=2$ 处连续?

Q9MEDIUM 1.10 Types of Discontinuity1.10 不连续类型No Calculator

$g(x)=\dfrac{x+1}{x^{2}+x}$ has which type of discontinuity at $x=0$?$g(x)=\dfrac{x+1}{x^{2}+x}$ 在 $x=0$ 处属于哪种不连续?

Q10HARD 1.11 Piecewise Continuity1.11 分段函数连续性No Calculator

Find $a$ and $b$ so that $f(x)=\begin{cases}2x+a, & x\le 1\\ bx^{2}+3, & 1\lt x\lt 2\\ 4x-b, & x\ge 2\end{cases}$ is continuous everywhere.求 $a$ 和 $b$,使 $f(x)=\begin{cases}2x+a, & x\le 1\\ bx^{2}+3, & 1\lt x\lt 2\\ 4x-b, & x\ge 2\end{cases}$ 处处连续。

Q11MEDIUM 1.14 Infinite Limits1.14 无穷极限No Calculator

$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2^-}\dfrac{x+3}{x-2}=$

Q12MEDIUM 1.15 Limits at Infinity1.15 无穷远处的极限No Calculator

$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{6x^{2}-x}{3x^{2}+4}=$

Q13HARD 1.15 Limits at Infinity (Radical)1.15 无穷远处的极限(根式)No Calculator

$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}\dfrac{\sqrt{9x^{4}+1}}{x^{2}-3x}=$

Q14HARD 1.15 End Behavior1.15 端行为No Calculator

$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to -\infty}\bigl(\sqrt{x^{2}+4x}+x\bigr)=$

Q15MEDIUM 1.16 IVT1.16 介值定理No Calculator

Let $f$ be continuous on $[0,3]$ with $f(0)=-2$ and $f(3)=5$. Which conclusion does the IVT guarantee?设 $f$ 在 $[0,3]$ 上连续,且 $f(0)=-2$,$f(3)=5$。介值定理可保证哪个结论?

Q16HARD 1.16 IVT (Table)1.16 介值定理(表格)No Calculator

The continuous function $h$ has the selected values below. What is the minimum number of real zeros of $h$ on $[1,9]$ guaranteed by the IVT?连续函数 $h$ 的部分值如下表所示。介值定理能保证 $h$ 在 $[1,9]$ 上至少有多少个实零点?

$x$13579
$h(x)$$-4$$2$$-1$$3$$-5$
Q17MEDIUM 1.12 Intermediate Forms1.12 中间型不定式No Calculator

$\displaystyle\lim_{h\to 0}\dfrac{(2+h)^{3}-8}{h}=$

Q18HARD 1.13 Complex Fractions1.13 复合分式No Calculator

$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}\dfrac{\frac{1}{x+3}-\frac{1}{3}}{x}=$

PART IIShow All Work展示完整解题过程

Free-Response Questions自由解答题

Free-response answers must include complete setup: algebraic manipulation, stated theorem conditions for IVT/Squeeze, and interval justification for continuity. Units and contextual explanations are required where indicated.自由解答题须包含完整解题过程:代数化简、介值定理/夹逼定理的条件说明,以及连续性的区间论证。在有要求的情况下,需写出单位和情境说明。

FRQ 1EASY 1.5 / 1.6 Evaluating Limits1.5 / 1.6 求极限No Calculator

Evaluate each limit. Show all algebraic steps.计算下列各极限,展示完整代数步骤。

(a) $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 5}\dfrac{x^{2}-25}{x^{2}-4x-5}$
(b) $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 9}\dfrac{x-9}{\sqrt{x}-3}$
(c) $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}\dfrac{\sin(3x)}{\tan(2x)}$
FRQ 2MEDIUM 1.9 - 1.11 Continuity & Parameters1.9 至 1.11 连续性与参数No Calculator

Let $f(x)=\begin{cases} \dfrac{x^{2}-x-6}{x-3}, & x<3\\[4pt] ax+b, & 3\le x\le 5\\[4pt] x^{2}-9, & x>5 \end{cases}$.

(a) Find $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 3^-}f(x)$ and explain how this determines a restriction on $a$ and $b$.求 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 3^-}f(x)$,并说明这如何对 $a$ 和 $b$ 施加限制。
(b) Determine values of $a$ and $b$ that make $f$ continuous on $\mathbb{R}$. Show the system you solve.求使 $f$ 在 $\mathbb{R}$ 上连续的 $a$ 和 $b$ 的值,写出所建立的方程组。
(c) With the values from (b), classify the discontinuity of $f'$ at $x=3$ and at $x=5$ (if any).利用 (b) 中求得的值,判断 $f'$ 在 $x=3$ 和 $x=5$ 处的不连续类型(若存在)。 (Preview of Unit 2: derivative discontinuity. Cram-track students may skip this part.)(第二单元预览,导数的不连续性。备考冲刺学生可跳过此部分。)
FRQ 3MEDIUM 1.14 - 1.15 Asymptotes1.14 至 1.15 渐近线No Calculator

Let $f(x)=\dfrac{2x^{2}-x-6}{x^{2}-4}$.设 $f(x)=\dfrac{2x^{2}-x-6}{x^{2}-4}$。

(a) Find all vertical asymptotes of $f$. Justify with one-sided limits.求 $f$ 的所有竖直渐近线,用单侧极限加以论证。
(b) Find any removable discontinuities and state the value needed to remove each.求所有可去不连续点,并说明消除各不连续点所需的函数值。
(c) Find $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}f(x)$ and $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to -\infty}f(x)$, and state the horizontal asymptote.求 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}f(x)$ 和 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to -\infty}f(x)$,并写出水平渐近线。
FRQ 4HARD 1.16 IVT Application (Table)1.16 介值定理应用(表格)Calculator

A diver's depth $d(t)$ in meters at time $t$ seconds is continuous on $[0,20]$.潜水员的深度 $d(t)$(单位:米)在时刻 $t$(单位:秒)处连续,定义在 $[0,20]$ 上。

$t$ (s)04101520
$d(t)$ (m)0822185
(a) Use the IVT to justify that there is a time in $(0,10)$ when the diver is exactly $15$ meters deep.利用介值定理证明:在 $(0,10)$ 内存在某时刻,潜水员恰好处于 $15$ 米深处。
(b) Is the IVT enough to conclude that the diver is $15$ meters deep at some time in $(10,20)$? Justify.介值定理是否足以得出在 $(10,20)$ 内某时刻潜水员处于 $15$ 米深处的结论?请说明理由。
(c) A student claims the IVT guarantees that the diver's depth equals $25$ meters for some $t\in(0,20)$. Is the claim correct? Explain.某学生声称,介值定理保证在某个 $t\in(0,20)$ 处潜水员的深度等于 $25$ 米。该说法是否正确?请解释。
(d) What is the minimum number of times the diver can be at depth $15$ meters on $[0,20]$? Justify.在 $[0,20]$ 上,潜水员至少有多少次处于 $15$ 米深处?请说明理由。
FRQ 5HARD 1.7 / 1.12 Squeeze & Definition1.7 / 1.12 夹逼定理与极限定义No Calculator

Let $f(x)=x^{2}\cos\!\bigl(\tfrac{1}{x}\bigr)$ for $x\ne 0$, and define $f(0)=0$.设 $f(x)=x^{2}\cos\!\bigl(\tfrac{1}{x}\bigr)$($x\ne 0$),并定义 $f(0)=0$。

(a) Show, using the Squeeze Theorem, that $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}f(x)=0$. State the bounding inequalities and verify all conditions.利用夹逼定理证明 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}f(x)=0$,写出界定不等式并验证所有条件。
(b) Use part (a) to explain why $f$ is continuous at $x=0$.利用 (a) 的结论说明 $f$ 在 $x=0$ 处连续。
(c) Compute $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}\dfrac{f(x)-f(0)}{x-0}$ using the Squeeze Theorem. Interpret the meaning of the limit.用夹逼定理计算 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}\dfrac{f(x)-f(0)}{x-0}$,并解释该极限的含义。