Show all supporting work on scratch paper. On the AP Exam, Section I is split into a no-calculator and a calculator-allowed part, each question below is labeled accordingly.请将所有辅助解题过程写在草稿纸上。AP 考试第一部分分为禁用计算器和允许使用计算器两节,下方每道题均已注明。
Q1EASY1.3 Estimating from Tables1.3 表格估算极限No Calculator
The table gives values of $f(x)$ near $x=2$.下表给出了 $f(x)$ 在 $x=2$ 附近的值。
$x$
1.9
1.99
1.999
2.001
2.01
2.1
$f(x)$
4.61
4.9601
4.996
5.004
5.0401
5.41
Based on the table, $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2}f(x)$ is best estimated by根据表格,$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2}f(x)$ 最佳估计值为
If $4-x^{2}\le g(x)\le 4+x^{2}$ for all $x$, then $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}g(x)=$若对所有 $x$ 均有 $4-x^{2}\le g(x)\le 4+x^{2}$,则 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}g(x)=$
Q7EASY1.2 One-Sided from Graph1.2 由图像求单侧极限No Calculator
The graph of $f$ is shown. Which statement is true?$f$ 的图像如下所示,下列哪个说法正确?
(A) $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2^-}f(x)=\lim_{x\to 2^+}f(x)$ and $f(2)$ equals that value.且 $f(2)$ 等于该值。
(B) $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2^-}f(x)\ne\lim_{x\to 2^+}f(x)$, so $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2}f(x)$ does not exist.因此 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2}f(x)$ 不存在。
(C) $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2}f(x)$ exists and equals $f(2)$.存在且等于 $f(2)$。
(D) $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 2}f(x)$ exists but is not equal to $f(2)$.存在但不等于 $f(2)$。
Let $f(x)=\begin{cases}\dfrac{x^{2}-4}{x-2}, & x\ne 2\\[4pt]k, & x=2\end{cases}$. For what value of $k$ is $f$ continuous at $x=2$?设 $f(x)=\begin{cases}\dfrac{x^{2}-4}{x-2}, & x\ne 2\\[4pt]k, & x=2\end{cases}$,$k$ 取何值时 $f$ 在 $x=2$ 处连续?
Let $f$ be continuous on $[0,3]$ with $f(0)=-2$ and $f(3)=5$. Which conclusion does the IVT guarantee?设 $f$ 在 $[0,3]$ 上连续,且 $f(0)=-2$,$f(3)=5$。介值定理可保证哪个结论?
(A) $f(c)=0$ for some $c\in(0,3)$.对某个 $c\in(0,3)$ 成立。
(B) $f(c)=6$ for some $c\in(0,3)$.对某个 $c\in(0,3)$ 成立。
(C) $f(c)=-3$ for some $c\in(0,3)$.对某个 $c\in(0,3)$ 成立。
(D) $f$ is differentiable on $(0,3)$.在 $(0,3)$ 上可导。
The continuous function $h$ has the selected values below. What is the minimum number of real zeros of $h$ on $[1,9]$ guaranteed by the IVT?连续函数 $h$ 的部分值如下表所示。介值定理能保证 $h$ 在 $[1,9]$ 上至少有多少个实零点?
Free-response answers must include complete setup: algebraic manipulation, stated theorem conditions for IVT/Squeeze, and interval justification for continuity. Units and contextual explanations are required where indicated.自由解答题须包含完整解题过程:代数化简、介值定理/夹逼定理的条件说明,以及连续性的区间论证。在有要求的情况下,需写出单位和情境说明。
(a)Find $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 3^-}f(x)$ and explain how this determines a restriction on $a$ and $b$.求 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 3^-}f(x)$,并说明这如何对 $a$ 和 $b$ 施加限制。
(b)Determine values of $a$ and $b$ that make $f$ continuous on $\mathbb{R}$. Show the system you solve.求使 $f$ 在 $\mathbb{R}$ 上连续的 $a$ 和 $b$ 的值,写出所建立的方程组。
(c)With the values from (b), classify the discontinuity of $f'$ at $x=3$ and at $x=5$ (if any).利用 (b) 中求得的值,判断 $f'$ 在 $x=3$ 和 $x=5$ 处的不连续类型(若存在)。(Preview of Unit 2: derivative discontinuity. Cram-track students may skip this part.)(第二单元预览,导数的不连续性。备考冲刺学生可跳过此部分。)
Let $f(x)=\dfrac{2x^{2}-x-6}{x^{2}-4}$.设 $f(x)=\dfrac{2x^{2}-x-6}{x^{2}-4}$。
(a)Find all vertical asymptotes of $f$. Justify with one-sided limits.求 $f$ 的所有竖直渐近线,用单侧极限加以论证。
(b)Find any removable discontinuities and state the value needed to remove each.求所有可去不连续点,并说明消除各不连续点所需的函数值。
(c)Find $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}f(x)$ and $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to -\infty}f(x)$, and state the horizontal asymptote.求 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}f(x)$ 和 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to -\infty}f(x)$,并写出水平渐近线。
A diver's depth $d(t)$ in meters at time $t$ seconds is continuous on $[0,20]$.潜水员的深度 $d(t)$(单位:米)在时刻 $t$(单位:秒)处连续,定义在 $[0,20]$ 上。
$t$ (s)
0
4
10
15
20
$d(t)$ (m)
0
8
22
18
5
(a)Use the IVT to justify that there is a time in $(0,10)$ when the diver is exactly $15$ meters deep.利用介值定理证明:在 $(0,10)$ 内存在某时刻,潜水员恰好处于 $15$ 米深处。
(b)Is the IVT enough to conclude that the diver is $15$ meters deep at some time in $(10,20)$? Justify.介值定理是否足以得出在 $(10,20)$ 内某时刻潜水员处于 $15$ 米深处的结论?请说明理由。
(c)A student claims the IVT guarantees that the diver's depth equals $25$ meters for some $t\in(0,20)$. Is the claim correct? Explain.某学生声称,介值定理保证在某个 $t\in(0,20)$ 处潜水员的深度等于 $25$ 米。该说法是否正确?请解释。
(d)What is the minimum number of times the diver can be at depth $15$ meters on $[0,20]$? Justify.在 $[0,20]$ 上,潜水员至少有多少次处于 $15$ 米深处?请说明理由。
Let $f(x)=x^{2}\cos\!\bigl(\tfrac{1}{x}\bigr)$ for $x\ne 0$, and define $f(0)=0$.设 $f(x)=x^{2}\cos\!\bigl(\tfrac{1}{x}\bigr)$($x\ne 0$),并定义 $f(0)=0$。
(a)Show, using the Squeeze Theorem, that $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}f(x)=0$. State the bounding inequalities and verify all conditions.利用夹逼定理证明 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}f(x)=0$,写出界定不等式并验证所有条件。
(b)Use part (a) to explain why $f$ is continuous at $x=0$.利用 (a) 的结论说明 $f$ 在 $x=0$ 处连续。
(c)Compute $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}\dfrac{f(x)-f(0)}{x-0}$ using the Squeeze Theorem. Interpret the meaning of the limit.用夹逼定理计算 $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}\dfrac{f(x)-f(0)}{x-0}$,并解释该极限的含义。