PART I · SHORT RESPONSE第一部分 · 短答题AP-style MCQ + ON/BC short answer · 22 marksAP 风格选择题 + 安/卑省考短答 · 共 22 分
Section A · Short ResponseA 部分 · 短答题
Mix of multiple-choice and short-answer items. For MCQs, circle the letter; show enough work in the margin that a marker could verify. For short-answer items, state units in every answer. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$ throughout. No calculator on Q1-Q2; calculator permitted on Q3-Q5.本节包含选择题与短答题。选择题请圈出字母答案，并在空白处写下足以让阅卷人核对的过程。短答题每道都要写出单位。全卷取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$。Q1-Q2 不可使用计算器；Q3-Q5 可用计算器。
Q1EASY易🇺🇸 US美AP-style MCQAP 风格选择题§4 Third law第三定律 · HS-PS2-1[3 marks][3 分]
A book rests on a table. Earth pulls the book down with its weight. Which force is the Newton's-third-law reaction partner of that weight?一本书静放在桌面上。地球以书的重力把书向下拉。下列哪个力是该重力的牛顿第三定律反作用配对力？
(A)the normal force the table exerts up on the book桌面向上施加给书的法向力
(B)the gravitational pull the book exerts up on the Earth书向上施加给地球的引力
(C)the weight of the table桌子的重力
(D)the force the book exerts down on the table书向下施加给桌面的力
Q2EASY易🇺🇸 US美AP-style MCQAP 风格选择题§3 Second law ($F=ma$)第二定律（$F=ma$） · HS-PS2-1[3 marks][3 分]
A net force of $36$ N acts on a $4.0$ kg cart. What is the magnitude of the cart's acceleration?$36$ N 的净力作用于一辆 $4.0$ kg 的小车。小车加速度的大小是多少？
A $25$ kg crate is dragged across a level floor at a constant $1.5$ m/s by a horizontal rope. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$.一个 $25$ kg 的板条箱被一根水平绳以恒定 $1.5$ m/s 拖过水平地面。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$。
(a)Draw a free-body diagram of the crate, labelling all four forces acting on it.画出板条箱的自由体受力图，标出作用其上的全部四个力。[2]
(b)State the net force on the crate, and justify your answer using Newton's first law.写出板条箱所受的净力，并用牛顿第一定律说明理由。[2]
(c)The rope pulls with $40$ N. State the magnitude and direction of the friction force.绳以 $40$ N 拉动。写出摩擦力的大小与方向。[1]
A $15$ kg box sits on a level floor with coefficient of static friction $\mu_s = 0.40$. A horizontal push of $50$ N is applied but the box does not move. Using $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$, what is the magnitude of the friction force on the box at that moment?一个 $15$ kg 的箱子放在水平地面上，静摩擦系数 $\mu_s = 0.40$。施加 $50$ N 的水平推力，但箱子不动。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$，此刻箱子所受摩擦力的大小是多少？
(A) $58.8\ \text{N}$
(B) $50\ \text{N}$
(C) $6.0\ \text{N}$
(D) $0\ \text{N}$
Q5MEDIUM中🇨🇦 BC卑BC Provincial-style卑诗省考风格§3 Weight vs mass · apparent weight重力与质量 · 视重 · Physics 11 (elevators)[6 marks][6 分]
A $60$ kg student stands on a bathroom scale inside an elevator. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$. The scale reads the normal force it exerts on the student.一名 $60$ kg 的学生站在电梯内的体重秤上。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$。秤的读数即它对学生施加的法向力。
(a)State the student's mass and weight, with units, and explain the difference between the two.写出学生的质量与重力（含单位），并解释二者的区别。[2]
(b)The elevator accelerates upward at $1.5\ \text{m/s}^2$. Find the scale reading.电梯以 $1.5\ \text{m/s}^2$ 向上加速。求秤的读数。[3]
(c)State what the scale would read while the elevator moves up at constant velocity.写出电梯匀速上升时秤的读数。[1]
PART II · EXTENDED RESPONSE第二部分 · 简答题AP-feeder FRQ + honors · 32 marksAP 衔接简答题 + 荣誉级 · 共 32 分
Section B · Extended ResponseB 部分 · 简答题
Show every step of reasoning. Draw a free-body diagram and identify the law or equation used before substituting values. State units in every final answer. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$. Choose and state your sign convention (positive direction) at the start of each question. Calculator permitted on Q6-Q9.每一步推理都要写出。在代入数值前先画自由体受力图并注明所用定律或方程。每个最终答案都要写单位。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$。每题开头请选择并说明正方向约定。Q6-Q9 可用计算器。
An $8.0$ kg box rests on a level floor with $\mu_s = 0.50$ and $\mu_k = 0.30$. A constant horizontal force of $50$ N is then applied. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$.一个 $8.0$ kg 的箱子放在水平地面上，$\mu_s = 0.50$，$\mu_k = 0.30$。随后施加 $50$ N 的恒定水平力。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$。
(a)Find the normal force and the maximum static friction $f_{s,\max}$.求法向力与最大静摩擦 $f_{s,\max}$。[2]
(b)Determine whether the box begins to slide, and justify with a comparison.判断箱子是否开始滑动，并通过比较加以论证。[2]
(c)Once it is sliding, find the kinetic friction force.一旦滑动，求动摩擦力。[2]
(d)Find the box's acceleration while it slides.求箱子滑动时的加速度。[2]
A $5.0$ kg block is released from rest on a frictionless ramp inclined at $30^{\circ}$ to the horizontal. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$, $\sin 30^{\circ} = 0.50$, $\cos 30^{\circ} \approx 0.866$.一个 $5.0$ kg 的木块在与水平方向成 $30^{\circ}$ 的无摩擦斜面上由静止释放。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$，$\sin 30^{\circ} = 0.50$，$\cos 30^{\circ} \approx 0.866$。
(a)Find the normal force on the block from the ramp.求斜面对木块的法向力。[2]
(b)Find the block's acceleration down the slope.求木块沿坡向下的加速度。[2]
(c)Find the block's speed after it has slid $8.0$ m down the slope.求木块沿坡下滑 $8.0$ m 后的速率。[2]
(d)State whether your answer to (b) would change if the block's mass were doubled.说明若木块质量加倍，(b) 的答案是否改变。[1]
A $6.0$ kg block slides down a rough ramp inclined at $30^{\circ}$ to the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction is $\mu_k = 0.20$. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$, $\sin 30^{\circ} = 0.50$, $\cos 30^{\circ} \approx 0.866$.一个 $6.0$ kg 的木块沿与水平方向成 $30^{\circ}$ 的粗糙斜面下滑。动摩擦系数 $\mu_k = 0.20$。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$，$\sin 30^{\circ} = 0.50$，$\cos 30^{\circ} \approx 0.866$。
(a)Find the normal force on the block.求木块所受的法向力。[2]
(b)Find the kinetic friction force acting on the block, and state its direction.求作用在木块上的动摩擦力，并写出其方向。[2]
(c)Apply $\vec{F}_{net} = m\vec{a}$ along the slope to find the acceleration down the ramp.沿坡应用 $\vec{F}_{net} = m\vec{a}$，求沿斜面向下的加速度。[3]
(d)Compare your answer to (c) with the frictionless value $g\sin\theta = 4.9\ \text{m/s}^2$ and comment.将 (c) 的答案与无摩擦值 $g\sin\theta = 4.9\ \text{m/s}^2$ 比较并评述。[1]
Block A ($3.0$ kg) sits on a frictionless horizontal table. A light rope runs from A over a frictionless pulley at the table edge to a hanging block B ($2.0$ kg). The system is released from rest. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$.木块 A（$3.0$ kg）放在无摩擦的水平桌面上。一根轻绳从 A 经桌边一个无摩擦滑轮连到悬挂的木块 B（$2.0$ kg）。系统从静止释放。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$。
(a)Draw a separate free-body diagram for each block.为每个木块分别画自由体受力图。[2]
(b)Treating the two blocks as one system, find the acceleration.把两个木块视为一个系统，求加速度。[3]
(c)Find the tension in the rope.求绳中的张力。[2]
(d)Explain why the tension is less than the weight of block B.解释为何张力小于木块 B 的重力。[2]
PART III · MODELING / APPLIED第三部分 · 建模与应用AB Diploma + Universal · 25 marks阿省毕业考 + 通用题型 · 共 25 分
Section C · Modeling and ApplicationsC 部分 · 建模与应用
Define symbols (with units) at the start of each question. Draw a free-body diagram and state the law used before substituting. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$. Conclude each question with a one-sentence answer in context. Calculator permitted throughout Part III.每题开始时定义符号（含单位）。代入数值前先画自由体受力图并写出所用定律。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$。每题以一句结合情境的完整句子作答。第三部分全程可用计算器。
A worker pulls a $25$ kg loaded sled along level ground with a constant horizontal force of $60$ N. The coefficient of kinetic friction between sled and ground is $\mu_k = 0.15$. The sled starts from rest. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$.一名工人以 $60$ N 的恒定水平力沿水平地面拉一辆 $25$ kg 的载货雪橇。雪橇与地面间的动摩擦系数 $\mu_k = 0.15$。雪橇从静止出发。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$。
(a)Find the kinetic friction force on the sled.求雪橇所受的动摩擦力。[2]
(b)Find the sled's acceleration.求雪橇的加速度。[3]
(c)Find how far the sled travels in the first $4.0$ s.求雪橇在前 $4.0$ s 内行驶的距离。[2]
(d)State what happens to the motion if the worker reduces the pull to $36.75$ N.说明若工人将拉力减小到 $36.75$ N，运动将如何变化。[1]
A $60$ kg skier starts from rest and slides down a slope inclined at $30^{\circ}$ to the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between skis and snow is $\mu_k = 0.10$. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$, $\sin 30^{\circ} = 0.50$, $\cos 30^{\circ} \approx 0.866$.一名 $60$ kg 的滑雪者从静止出发，沿与水平方向成 $30^{\circ}$ 的坡道下滑。雪板与雪面间的动摩擦系数 $\mu_k = 0.10$。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$，$\sin 30^{\circ} = 0.50$，$\cos 30^{\circ} \approx 0.866$。
(a)Find the normal force on the skier.求滑雪者所受的法向力。[2]
(b)Find the acceleration down the slope.求沿坡向下的加速度。[3]
(c)Find the skier's speed after sliding $40$ m down the slope.求滑雪者沿坡下滑 $40$ m 后的速率。[2]
(d)Conclude with a one-sentence statement of the skier's motion.用一句话总结滑雪者的运动情况。[1]
Two masses hang from a light rope over a frictionless pulley (an Atwood machine): $m_1 = 5.0$ kg on one side and $m_2 = 3.0$ kg on the other. The system is released from rest. Use $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$.两个质量块通过一根跨过无摩擦滑轮的轻绳悬挂（阿特伍德机）：一侧 $m_1 = 5.0$ kg，另一侧 $m_2 = 3.0$ kg。系统从静止释放。取 $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$。
(a)Draw a free-body diagram for each mass and write Newton's second law for each.为每个质量块画自由体受力图，并分别写出牛顿第二定律。[2]
(b)Find the acceleration of the system.求系统的加速度。[3]
(c)Find the tension in the rope.求绳中的张力。[2]
(d)Explain why the rope tension lies between the two weights $m_2 g$ and $m_1 g$.解释为何绳的张力介于两个重力 $m_2 g$ 与 $m_1 g$ 之间。[2]
🇺🇸 US NGSS美国 NGSSHS-PS2-1
🇨🇦 Ontario安大略SPH3U Strand C · C2 · C3
🇨🇦 British Columbia不列颠哥伦比亚Physics 11: forces (Newton's three laws, friction, forces in systems)物理 11：力（牛顿三大定律、摩擦、系统中的力）
🇨🇦 Alberta阿尔伯塔Physics 20 Unit B · 20-B1.2k · 20-B1.5k · 20-B1.7k
Full Syllabus Map lives in ../Study Guides/Unit_2_Forces_and_Newtons_Laws.html. Note: NGSS HS-PS2-1 is assessed for one-dimensional motion only, so the incline and connected-system questions (Q8, Q9, Q12) carry an Honors chip on the US track but are core for ON SPH3U / BC Physics 11 / AB Physics 20.完整大纲对照表见 ../Study Guides/Unit_2_Forces_and_Newtons_Laws.html。注：NGSS HS-PS2-1 仅考查一维运动，故斜面与连接系统题（Q8、Q9、Q12）在美国轨道上标注荣誉级，但为安大略 SPH3U / 卑诗物理 11 / 阿省物理 20 的核心内容。