PART I · SHORT RESPONSE第一部分 · 短答题AP-style MCQ + ON/BC/AB short answer · 25 marksAP 风格选择题 + 安/卑/阿省考短答 · 共 25 分
Section A · Short ResponseA 部分 · 短答题
Mix of multiple-choice and short-answer items. For MCQs, circle the letter and show reasoning in the margin. For short-answer items, write the IUPAC name or condensed structural formula in full. Use $\text{C}_n\text{H}_{2n+2}$ notation for alkane formulas.本节包含选择题与短答题。选择题请圈出字母，并在空白处写出推理过程。短答题须完整写出 IUPAC 名称或简式。烷烃分子式使用 $\text{C}_n\text{H}_{2n+2}$ 表示。
Which statement best explains why carbon forms so many organic compounds compared with other elements?以下哪项最能解释碳相比其他元素能形成如此多有机化合物的原因？
(A)Carbon is the most abundant element in the universe.碳是宇宙中含量最多的元素。
(B)Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form four covalent bonds and bond to itself in long chains (catenation).碳有四个价电子，能形成四个共价键并与自身连接成长链（碳链化）。
(C)Carbon forms only ionic bonds, which are very strong.碳只形成离子键，且这类键非常强。
(D)Carbon atoms are very small, so many can pack into a single molecule.碳原子非常小，一个分子中可以容纳很多碳原子。
Answer the following questions about the alkane homologous series.回答以下关于烷烃同系列的问题。
(a)State the general molecular formula for straight-chain alkanes.写出直链烷烃的通式。[1]
(b)Write the molecular formula and IUPAC name for the alkane with 3 carbon atoms and for the alkane with 5 carbon atoms.写出含 3 个碳原子和含 5 个碳原子的烷烃各自的分子式及 IUPAC 名称。[2]
(c)State one physical property that increases along the alkane homologous series as chain length increases.写出随烷烃同系列碳链长度增加而升高的一个物理性质。[1]
Q3MEDIUM中🇨🇦 BC卑BC Provincial-style卑诗省考风格§3 Alkenes, alkynes and degree of unsaturation烯烃、炔烃与不饱和度 · BC Chem 11[6 marks][6 分]
For hydrocarbons with formula $\text{C}_x\text{H}_y$, the degree of unsaturation is $\text{DoU} = \dfrac{2C + 2 - H}{2}$.对于分子式为 $\text{C}_x\text{H}_y$ 的烃，不饱和度为 $\text{DoU} = \dfrac{2C + 2 - H}{2}$。
(a)Calculate the DoU for but-1-ene ($\text{C}_4\text{H}_8$) and for but-1-yne ($\text{C}_4\text{H}_6$). State what each value tells you about the bonding.计算丁-1-烯（$\text{C}_4\text{H}_8$）和丁-1-炔（$\text{C}_4\text{H}_6$）的不饱和度，并说明每个值反映了什么成键信息。[4]
(b)Benzene has formula $\text{C}_6\text{H}_6$ and a DoU of 4. Name this compound and explain why a DoU of 4 is consistent with its accepted structure.苯的分子式为 $\text{C}_6\text{H}_6$，不饱和度为 4。命名该化合物，并解释不饱和度为 4 与其公认结构的一致性。[2]
Q4MEDIUM中🇨🇦 AB阿AB Diploma-style阿尔伯塔毕业考风格§4 IUPAC naming of branched alkanes and alkenes支链烷烃与烯烃的 IUPAC 命名 · Chem 30 GO1[6 marks][6 分]
Apply IUPAC naming rules to each of the following.将 IUPAC 命名规则应用于以下各题。
(a)Give the IUPAC name for $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$.写出 $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$ 的 IUPAC 名称。[2]
(b)Give the IUPAC name for $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}=\text{CH}_2$.写出 $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}=\text{CH}_2$ 的 IUPAC 名称。[2]
(c)Draw the condensed structural formula for 2,3-dimethylbutane.画出 2,3-二甲基丁烷的简式。[2]
For each compound, identify (i) the functional-group class and (ii) the functional group present.对于每种化合物，写出 (i) 官能团类别和 (ii) 所含官能团。
(a) $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ [2]
(b) $\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$ [2]
(c) $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$ [2]
PART II · EXTENDED RESPONSE第二部分 · 简答题AP-feeder FRQ + honors · 30 marksAP 衔接简答题 + 荣誉级 · 共 30 分
Section B · Extended ResponseB 部分 · 简答题
Show every step of reasoning. State the IUPAC rule applied before naming. Where asked to draw, use condensed structural formulas. Include locants (numbers) wherever IUPAC rules require them. Write balanced equations for all reaction questions.写出每一步推理过程。命名前先写出所用 IUPAC 规则。如需绘图，使用简式。凡 IUPAC 规则要求处，须写出定位数字。所有反应题须写出配平方程式。
(a)Name $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$. Show: longest chain length, branch position, and full IUPAC name.命名 $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$。写出：最长链碳数、支链位置及完整 IUPAC 名称。[2]
(b)Draw the condensed structural formula for 4-methylhex-2-yne. Label the triple bond with the word "triple bond."画出 4-甲基己-2-炔的简式，并用文字标注三键位置。[3]
(c)Explain why $\text{CH}_3\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$ is named 2,2-dimethylbutane and NOT 3,3-dimethylbutane. State the IUPAC rule that applies.解释为什么 $\text{CH}_3\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$ 命名为 2,2-二甲基丁烷而非 3,3-二甲基丁烷，并写出所用 IUPAC 规则。[3]
Q7MEDIUM中🇨🇦 ON安ON Provincial-style安大略省考风格§6 Structural isomers of butane and pentane丁烷与戊烷的结构同分异构体 · SCH4U B2.2[7 marks][7 分]
Structural isomers share the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms.结构同分异构体具有相同的分子式，但原子排列方式不同。
(a)$\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10}$ has exactly two structural isomers. Draw the condensed structural formula for each and give its IUPAC name.$\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10}$ 恰好有两种结构同分异构体。画出每种的简式并写出 IUPAC 名称。[4]
(b)State the total number of structural isomers of $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}$. Identify which isomer has the highest boiling point and explain why, using the concept of London dispersion forces and molecular surface area.写出 $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}$ 结构同分异构体的总数。指出沸点最高的异构体，并利用伦敦色散力和分子表面积的概念解释原因。[3]
Write balanced chemical equations and classify each reaction type.写出配平的化学方程式并判断各反应类型。
(a)Complete combustion of propane ($\text{C}_3\text{H}_8$) in excess oxygen. Balance the equation and state the reaction type.丙烷（$\text{C}_3\text{H}_8$）在过量氧气中完全燃烧。配平方程式并写出反应类型。[2]
(b)Ethene ($\text{CH}_2{=}\text{CH}_2$) reacts with bromine ($\text{Br}_2$) in an addition reaction. Write the balanced equation, name the product, and explain why alkenes (but not alkanes) undergo addition reactions.乙烯（$\text{CH}_2{=}\text{CH}_2$）与溴（$\text{Br}_2$）发生加成反应。写出配平方程式，命名产物，并解释为何烯烃（而非烷烃）发生加成反应。[4]
(c)Methane ($\text{CH}_4$) reacts with chlorine ($\text{Cl}_2$) in sunlight via a free-radical substitution reaction to give chloromethane and hydrogen chloride. Write the balanced equation and state the reaction type.甲烷（$\text{CH}_4$）在光照下与氯气（$\text{Cl}_2$）发生自由基取代反应，生成氯甲烷和氯化氢。写出配平方程式并写出反应类型。[2]
Q9HARD难Honors荣誉级🇺🇸 US美AP-feeder FRQAP 衔接简答题§5 + §7 Functional groups + esterification官能团 + 酯化反应 · SCH4U B3.3 (above standard floor)（超出标准范围）[7 marks][7 分]
Ethanol ($\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$) reacts with ethanoic acid ($\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$) in a condensation reaction in the presence of a concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst.乙醇（$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$）与乙酸（$\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$）在浓硫酸催化下发生缩合反应。
(a)Identify the functional group in ethanol and in ethanoic acid. State the functional-group class of each compound.指出乙醇和乙酸各自所含的官能团，并写出各自的官能团类别名称。[2]
(b)Write the balanced equation for this esterification, including the small molecule also produced. Name both products.写出此酯化反应的配平方程式，包括同时生成的小分子。命名两种产物。[3]
(c)Identify the new functional group in the ester product and explain why this reaction is classified as a condensation reaction.指出酯类产物中新形成的官能团，并解释此反应为何被归类为缩合反应。[2]
PART III · MODELING / APPLIED第三部分 · 建模与应用AB Diploma + Universal · 25 marks阿省毕业考 + 通用题型 · 共 25 分
Section C · Modeling and ApplicationsC 部分 · 建模与应用
Show complete reasoning. In naming questions, justify each step. In reaction questions, balance every equation and include the reaction type. Conclude each multi-part question with a clear statement of the final answer.写出完整推理过程。命名题须对每一步进行说明。反应题须配平每个方程式并写出反应类型。每道多部分题以清晰的最终答案陈述作结。
Q10MEDIUM中🇨🇦 AB阿AB Diploma-style阿尔伯塔毕业考风格§6 All structural isomers of $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}$$\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}$ 的所有结构同分异构体 · Chem 30 GO1[8 marks][8 分]
Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms.结构同分异构体具有相同的分子式，但原子连接方式不同。
(a)Draw all three structural isomers of $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}$ (pentane isomers) using condensed structural formulas. Give the IUPAC name for each.用简式画出 $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}$（戊烷异构体）的全部三种结构同分异构体，并写出每种的 IUPAC 名称。[6]
(b)Among the three pentane isomers, which has the lowest boiling point? Explain in terms of molecular surface area and London dispersion forces.在三种戊烷异构体中，哪种沸点最低？从分子表面积和伦敦色散力角度解释。[2]
For each compound: (i) give the IUPAC name, (ii) identify the functional-group class, and (iii) name the functional group present.对于每种化合物：(i) 写出 IUPAC 名称，(ii) 指出官能团类别，(iii) 命名所含官能团。
Polymers are large molecules formed by joining many monomer units through repeated reactions.聚合物是由许多单体单元通过反复反应连接而成的大分子。
(a)Propene ($\text{CH}_2{=}\text{CHCH}_3$) undergoes addition polymerization. Write the repeating-unit structure of polypropylene enclosed in brackets with $n$, and state the type of bond broken and formed during polymerization.丙烯（$\text{CH}_2{=}\text{CHCH}_3$）发生加聚反应。写出聚丙烯的重复单元结构（用括号加 $n$ 表示），并写出聚合过程中断裂和形成的键的类型。[3]
(b)A diol $\text{HO-R-OH}$ and a diacid $\text{HOOC-R'-COOH}$ undergo condensation polymerization to form a polyester. Write the general equation for one condensation step, identify the small molecule released, and name the linkage formed between monomers.二醇 $\text{HO-R-OH}$ 与二酸 $\text{HOOC-R'-COOH}$ 发生缩聚反应，形成聚酯。写出一步缩合反应的通式，指出释放的小分子，并命名单体之间形成的键。[3]
(c)State one key difference between addition polymerization and condensation polymerization: (i) the type of monomer required, and (ii) whether a small molecule by-product is released.写出加聚反应与缩聚反应的一个关键区别：(i) 所需单体类型，以及 (ii) 是否释放小分子副产物。[2]